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Posted by Sam Wormley on January 25, 2011, 5:56 pm

> FROM THE NEWS
> January 18, 2011
> On the Edge: Five Big Ones in Ten
> BY: ERIC GAKSTATTER
> GPS World
> Look back with me at the five 2010 GNSS events that most affected surveying,
> mapping, engineering, construction, and natural resource users. Each one had,
> or could have had, a significant effect on you and your work. Taking it from
> the top:
> GPS 24+3 Constellation. The most important event occurred a year ago, when the
> Air Force began implementing a new GPS 24+3 configuration. They had their
> military reasons, but the benefit for you and me is eliminating GPS brownouts -
> periods with fewer GPS satellites in view. When combined with obstructions such
> as terrain, trees, or buildings, they made GPS hard to use.
> It's especially an issue with real-time kinematic (RTK) high-precision users
> because RTK technology is satellite-hungry. It needs six or more satellites
> to provide a robust position solution.
> The Air Force moved three satellites, SVNs 24, 26 and 30, from their original
> slots. SVNs 26 and 30 have already reached their destinations, and SVN 24 will
> do so this month.
> Three other satellites are being shifted slightly. SVN 55 found its new slot
> in December, while SVNs 46 and 56 start this month and should have completed
> their journeys by May/June 2011.
> By now, you should be seeing some improvements in GPS satellite visibility.
> Although you'll see fewer peaks (high number of GPS satellites in view), you'll
> also see fewer valleys (low number of GPS satellites in view). This should
> increase productivity for RTK users and those in obstructed environments such
> as tree canopy.
> First GPS Block IIF. Although it doesn't really help users at this point other
> than being another satellite to enter service, the Block IIF satellite launched
> in May is the first to broadcast the third civil signal. L5 marks the beginning
> of a new era in high-precision GPS positioning. The Block IIF launch was the
> catalyst for my June column "What Happen When High Accuracy is Cheap?"
> This IIF is just a teaser though, and its fellows will launch at a snail's
pace.
> Remember though, it costs upwards of $200 million to launch a satellite and
> since there ares already 30+ operational GPS satellites in orbit, it's hard for
> Congress and the Air Force to justify speeding up the launch schedule. The last
> target I heard was to have 24 satellites broadcasting L5 by 2019.
> GLONASS Growth. Despite the recent catastrophe, the Russian Federation was
still
> able to launch seven new satellites in 2010, including a new K1 satellite that
> will test a new CDMA signal for better compatibility with GPS.With 21
operational
> satellites and three more coming in March, a consistent and healthy number of
> GLONASS satellites in orbit has given receiver manufacturers more confidence to
> develop GPS/GLONASS receivers. This year, we've seen several manufacturers
> integrating GPS/GLONASS into handheld receivers as well as OEM board products.
> User benefits are clear: more robust positioning and improved productivity due
to
> decreased down-time.
> Solar Activity. The big news is no news: the sun was eerily quiet in 2010. If
your
> GPS receiver didn't work at times this year, it wasn't due to solar activity.
> But it may ramp up in 2011.
> GAGAN, WAAS Failures. The Indian Space Research Organisation and the U.S.
Federal
> Aviation Administration received a hard lesson in SBAS GEO management. In
April,
> an Indian rocket launch failed, and one of the FAA WAAS satellites lost
communication
> with its ground control.
> If you're an SBAS user, don't let it bring you down. SBAS is here to stay, and
> likely you were not affected by either incident - unless you work in northwest
> Alaska. A new U.S. SBAS satellite came online, and India is regrouping for more
> launches.